Textarea Caret Position

Get the top and left coordinates of the caret in a <textarea> or
<input type="text">, in pixels. Useful for textarea autocompletes like
GitHub or Twitter, or for single-line autocompletes like the name drop-down
in Twitter or Facebook's search or the company dropdown on Google Finance.

How it's done: a faux <div> is created off-screen and styled exactly like the
textarea or input. Then, the text of the element up to the caret is copied
into the div and a <span> is inserted right after it. Then, the text content
of the span is set to the remainder of the text in the <textarea>, in order to
faithfully reproduce the wrapping in the faux div (because wrapping can push
the currently typed word onto the next line). The same is done for the
input to simplify the code, though it makes no difference. Finally, the span's
offset within the textarea or input is returned.

Demo

Check out the JSFiddle
or the test.html.

Features

• supports <textarea>s and <input type="text"> elements
• pixel precision with any combination of paddings, margins, borders, heights vs. line-heights etc.
• keyboard, mouse support and touch support
• no dependencies whatsoever
• browser compatibility: Chrome, Safari, Firefox (despite two bugs it has), Opera, IE9+
• supports any font family and size, as well as text-transforms
• not confused by horizontal or vertical scrollbars in the textarea
• supports hard returns, tabs (except on IE) and consecutive spaces in the text
• correct position on lines longer than the columns in the text area
• no problem getting the correct position when the input text is scrolled (i.e. the first visible character is no longer the first in the text)
• no "ghost" position in the empty space at the end of a line when wrapping long words in a <textarea>
• RTL (right-to-left) support

Example

 var getCaretCoordinates = require('textarea-caret');

document.querySelector('textarea').addEventListener('input', function () {
  var caret = getCaretCoordinates(this, this.selectionEnd);
  console.log('(top, left, height) = (%s, %s, %s)', caret.top, caret.left, caret.height);
})

API

getCaretCoordinates(element, position)

• element is the DOM element, either an <input type="text"> or textarea

• position is an integer indicating the location of the caret. Most often you'll want to pass this.selectionStart or this.selectionEnd. This way, the library isn't opinionated about what the caret is.

The function returns a caret coordinates object of the form {top: , left: , height: }, where:

• top and left are the offsets in pixels from the upper-left corner of the element and (or presumably the upper-right, but this hasn't been tested), and
• height is the height of the caret - useful to calculate the bottom of the caret.

Known issues

• Off-by-one edge cases with spaces at the end of lines in <textarea>s (#29). This may be a bug in how browsers render the caret.
• Edge case with selecting from right to left strings longer than the <input> (#40). The caret position can be quite off in this case.
• Tab characters in <textarea>s aren't supported in IE9 (#14)

Dependencies

None.

TODO

• Add tests.
• Consider adding IE-specific code if it avoids the necessity of creating the mirror div and might fix #14.
• Test IE8 support with currentStyle.

Implementation notes

For the same textarea of 25 rows and 40 columns, Chrome 33, Firefox 27 and IE9 returned completely different values
for computed.width, textarea.offsetWidth, and textarea.clientWidth. Here, computed is getComputedStyle(textarea):

Chrome 33

• computed.width : "240px" = the text itself, no borders, no padding, no scrollbars
• textarea.clientWidth: 280 = computed.width + padding-left + padding-right
• textarea.offsetWidth: 327 = clientWidth + scrollbar (15px) + border-left + border-right

IE 9: scrollbar looks 16px, the text itself in the text area is 224px wide

• computed.width: "241.37px" = text only + sub-pixel scrollbar? (1.37px)
• textarea.clientWidth: 264
• textarea.offsetWidth: 313

Firefox 27

• computed.width: "265.667px"
• textarea.clientWidth: 249 - the only browser where textarea.clientWidth < computed.width
• textarea.offsetWidth: 338

Contributors

• Dan Dascalescu (dandv)
• Jonathan Ong (jonathanong)